Botswana is often described through a paradox: a sparsely populated, largely semi-arid country that has achieved one of the most stable and consistent economic trajectories in Africa. From diamonds and wildlife tourism to cattle and governance, Botswana operates as a tightly managed system where natural resources, policy choices, and culture intersect. At the centre of Botswana’s economy are diamonds . Since their discovery in the late 1960s, diamond mining has transformed th