Urban decline is usually understood through economic indicators: falling footfall, vacant storefronts, delayed redevelopment, and reduced investment. Shopping centres, in particular, have faced structural challenges in recent years as online retail, changing consumer habits, and shifting urban dynamics have reshaped how people interact with physical retail spaces. Yet occasionally, an unexpected force intervenes — not through infrastructure upgrades or financial investment, b

For most of the twentieth century, the answer to this question was relatively straightforward. Film studios acted as the central gatekeepers of storytelling. They controlled financing, development, production, and distribution, determining which scripts moved forward and which never reached audiences. Writers pitched to studio executives, filmmakers depended on studio backing, and theatrical distribution provided the primary path to commercial success. The industry operated w

At first glance, the answer appears obvious. Over the past two decades, smartphones have become the primary tool people use to take photographs and record video. The once-dominant market for compact digital cameras has shrunk dramatically, and many consumers no longer consider purchasing a standalone camera at all. Yet the shift from digital cameras to smartphones represents more than a simple product replacement. It reflects a deeper transformation in how visual technology f