Libya sits at the intersection of resource wealth, geography, and political fragmentation. On paper, it has the ingredients of a strong economy. In practice, how those elements connect—and often fail to connect—defines its reality. Geography is the starting point. Libya stretches across North Africa, with most of its land covered by the Sahara. Population and activity concentrate along the Mediterranean coast in cities like Tripoli and Benghazi. The desert is not empty; it sh