As more organisations move services online, digital systems are becoming the main gateway to everyday life. Bills, appointments, banking, shopping, and customer support increasingly operate through apps, websites, and automated tools. While this shift has improved efficiency and convenience for many, it also introduces new risks of exclusion. As explored our previous piece, When Businesses Automate Access, Who Gets Locked Out? digital transformation can unintentionally create

For millions of commuters each day, advertising screens in train stations, underground networks, and public squares have become an almost invisible part of the urban environment. Digital billboards flash constantly with changing promotions, announcements, and brand campaigns. Yet behind these everyday displays lies a highly structured global system involving infrastructure ownership, data-driven pricing, real estate economics, and attention monetisation. These screens are not